Research in plain language
KLOW
This product combines several research peptides. There are no separate studies on the blend itself; below is the published research for each component.
Components
KPVKPV is the C-terminal tripeptide of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (lysine-proline-valine, also called alpha-MSH 11-13). It is studied mainly as an anti-inflammatory agent: in cells and in mouse models of intestinal inflammation (DSS- and TNBS-induced colitis, a stand-in for inflammatory bowel disease) it dampens inflammatory signalling (NF-kB and MAP kinase pathways) and reduces tissue inflammation markers. Evidence is almost entirely in-vitro and in mice; there are no published human efficacy trials.GHK-CuGHK-Cu is the copper(II) complex of the tripeptide glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine, a small peptide that occurs naturally in human plasma, saliva, and urine and declines with age. It has been studied mostly in cell culture and animals as a signal that can stimulate collagen and growth-factor production by fibroblasts, support wound healing and angiogenesis, and reduce oxidative-stress and inflammatory markers.LL-37LL-37 is the only human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, a 37-residue cationic alpha-helical peptide released from the hCAP-18 precursor in neutrophils, keratinocytes and epithelia. It is studied for direct broad-spectrum killing of bacteria and fungi by membrane disruption, for neutralizing bacterial LPS (endotoxin) and dampening inflammatory cytokines, and for promoting skin wound re-epithelialization and angiogenesis.BPC-157BPC-157 is a synthetic stable gastric pentadecapeptide (15 amino acids), a fragment derived from a protein found in human gastric juice. In animal studies it has been tested for its effect on healing of tendon, ligament, muscle-tendon junction, nerve, and the stomach lining. All efficacy evidence to date is preclinical (rats); there is no published human efficacy trial and no established human dosing protocol.TB-500Thymosin beta-4 (Tbeta4) is a naturally occurring 43-amino-acid actin-sequestering peptide. In research it has been studied for tissue repair: dermal and corneal wound healing, cardiac protection after a heart attack, and dry eye. The clinical and animal-study evidence is built almost entirely on the full-length 43-amino-acid peptide (drug codes RGN-259 for the eye and RGN-352 for systemic/cardiac use). The product sold in research markets as "TB-500" is marketed as the actin-binding fragment of Tbeta4 (often centred on the Ac-LKKTETQ sequence) and is not the molecule used in the published peer-reviewed efficacy studies below. There are essentially no controlled efficacy trials on the isolated "TB-500" fragment itself, so the evidence here is for full-length thymosin beta-4.
Study data, research use only. No established human dosing protocol.