Mitochondrial & Telomere Research

Peptides in this category are supplied as lyophilized powder for laboratory research, and they come from three lines of published work. The short Khavinson peptides Epitalon (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly), Pinealon (Glu-Asp-Arg) and the thymic extract Thymalin were studied in cell culture, where the measured endpoints were telomerase activity, gene expression and lymphocyte markers. The mitochondrial compounds MOTS-c, a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded in the 12S rRNA gene, and SS-31 (elamipretide), a cardiolipin-binding tetrapeptide, were studied in models of mitochondrial bioenergetics with ATP and reactive oxygen species as the measured quantities. Thymosin Alpha-1, a 28-amino-acid fragment of prothymosin alpha, was studied at the toll-like receptors TLR2 and TLR9 on dendritic cells, and NAD+, a coenzyme rather than a peptide, is the redox cofactor of the electron transport chain and consumed cosubstrate of sirtuins and PARP enzymes. Every batch carries a batch-specific third-party HPLC certificate of analysis from Janoshik Analytical on its product page.