There are dozens of compounds. How does a first-time reader narrow that down?

The threads describe the same wall. One is titled “So many peptides...where to start?” and another “Spent weeks researching peptides and I still have no idea where to start”. This page picks nothing for anyone. It converts the question into a research goal and hands the goal to the comparison article that already sets the options side by side: metabolic work to retatrutide vs cagrilintide vs AOD-9604, healing work to single peptide or blend, and so on for the growth-hormone axis, skin, cognition, longevity and sexual function. One filter sits above all of them: whether the compound has any completed human study with a stated measurement time point at all, which is what the table in this article lists.

How can anyone tell whether a certificate of analysis is real?

It is asked directly in the cited threads, as “Is there a way to be sure the CoA’s aren’t faked?” and “How do I know COA's are even real?”. Reading the PDF is not the check. Our fake-CoA article sets out the forgery patterns and the section on how to actually verify one, and the one-click verification that puts a report back on the issuing laboratory's own server has its own guide. Every batch certificate we publish carries that verify link. What a certificate cannot cover at all is a separate article, because identity and purity are not the same question as sterility or endotoxin.

The reconstitution math confuses me. Where is it explained?

Thread titles in the cited set are only about this: “I am so confused on reconstitutions”, “Concentration confusion”, “Just bad at math”, and “Help please I’m lost with the math and confused with these instructions”. This article gives no volumes and no unit figures on purpose. The arithmetic, the syringe-unit conversion and what the cap is are in the reconstitution calculator article, and a worked example from a vial to a draw volume is in the reconstitution guide. If two compounds are meant to share one draw, that is a different question with its own article.

Does a parcel of research peptides need refrigerated shipping?

That question is answered on our own FAQ page in the shipping block, and the related transit-heat case, a parcel that spent days in transit without refrigeration, is answered on the shipping page itself. Neither answer is repeated here. The community version of the question runs the other way round, as in the thread body “Peptides need to be refrigerated. Is that only after reconstitution?”, and the practical first-order case, a vial that arrived warm or that froze on the way, has its own answer in the research accessories article. Freeze-dried material and reconstituted solution are handled differently, which is why the storage guide splits before and after.

Nothing happened in two weeks. Does that mean the vial is bad?

For most compounds in the table, that window has no measurement behind it. The incretin and amylin endpoints sit at week 12, 24 weeks and week 26; the healing group at a four-week randomized phase and 12 weeks. Eight rows carry a dated absence statement in the status column instead of a finding, each for its own reason as of 2026-09-04: BPC-157 has no randomized human efficacy measurement and its one efficacy report states no measurement time point; no completed study was located that administered TB-500, the tripeptide KPV or IGF-1 LR3 to humans; no completed MOTS-c administration study was located; no human efficacy endpoint was located for AOD-9604; and no defined measurement time point was located for the synthetic tetrapeptide epitalon or for pinealon. Two weeks of nothing therefore contradicts no published finding, and confirms none either. Whether a vial is underdosed is settled by analysis rather than by feel, in underdosed or non-responder.

What does a first order actually consist of beyond the vial?

Cost is a running thread topic, from “Is running peptides as expensive as i think it is?” to “What are the costs in total per month”. This article names no prices and no monthly figures, because none belong in a literature-based orientation. What a first order needs alongside the vial is the subject of the accessories overview, which lists the minimum kit rather than a wish list: a diluent, syringes, swabs and somewhere to store the vial. Delivery zones, rates, transit and carrier are on the shipping page. Both pages carry the current details, which is why this one does not repeat them.

Are research peptides legal where I live?

Legality is asked in the threads as bluntly as “Legality of peptides” and “Chances Peptides Get Seized at the Border?”. The country-by-country position in Europe, and what research-use-only does and does not mean in EU law, is in our country guide. The binding version for anything bought here is the research use only policy, which opens with its scope and definition and carries a buyer attestation. Separately, some destinations are closed: our shipping page names Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Iceland against the WADA Prohibited List, plus the Canary Islands, Ceuta, Melilla and Turkey.

Fear of needles comes up a lot. Is that a common thread topic?

It is one of the themes in the cited set, in titles such as “Is it hard to do the injections yourself?”, “Going to pin myself for the first time tonight - is it natural to be a scared?” and “How do I overcome my fear of injecting?”. Those are self reports from a public archive, not evidence about anything, and this article gives no technique, no site, no depth and no needle recommendation of any kind. Syringe units, needle length and gauge are documented on the product pages themselves, and the kit as a whole is listed in peptide injection supplies.

Where do people actually find reliable information?

This is its own theme in the cited threads: “Where do you go for info on all things peptides?”, “How do you decide if a peptide resource is actually trustworthy?”, “Where do you actually go for reliable Peptide info before starting?”. One body sums up the failure mode: “every source seems to disagree with the last, or is just repeating what another source said with no actual citation behind it.” The answer this article can give is structural rather than a reading list: the table above names, per row, the study, the endpoint, the unit and the measurement time point, and where no study was located it names the search string and the date of the search instead of staying silent.

What actually arrives in the box, and what is the cap for?

A freeze-dried vial under a colored flip-off cap, plus whatever accessories were ordered with it. No dedicated cap FAQ exists anywhere on this site, checked 2026-09-04 across every article FAQ and all product FAQs. Two sections carry that ground instead: the H2 on what arrives and what the cap does, in the reconstitution calculator article, and the color section, covering blue, yellow, brown, amber and cap color, in what a peptide vial should look like. The second also describes what a freeze-dried cake may look like before any water is added.

Why does this article give no protocol, dose or schedule?

Because the material is sold as research-use-only laboratory material, not as medicine, and because the literature summarized here does not support any instruction to a reader. What the table carries is what a completed human study measured, with the endpoint, the unit, the value in the source's own words and the date of the search. Turning that into a schedule would mean inventing the parts the sources do not contain. The procedural steps in this article therefore name the step and link the guide that explains it; they never carry the parameter. Choice of compound is likewise turned into a map of comparison pages by research goal rather than a pick.

How should the endpoint table be read without over-reading it?

Read each row as a fact about a study schedule, not about a molecule. The earliest measured time point says when somebody took a measurement, so it is a floor on what can be checked, never an onset time. The value column carries the source's own words, including its statistics, and it belongs to the population and design in the study column, not to any other setting. The status column describes the molecule's regulatory position, which is separate from what is sold here: approved elsewhere as a medicine does not make a research vial a medicine. Rows stating that no completed study was located carry their search string in the note below the table.

Which compounds in the catalog carry a dated absence statement instead of a study finding?

Eight, each with its own finding as of 2026-09-04. BPC-157 has no randomized human efficacy measurement, and the one efficacy report carries no measurement time point. No completed study was located that administered TB-500, the tripeptide KPV or IGF-1 LR3 to humans. For MOTS-c no completed administration study was located, only one phase 2 trial of exogenous MOTS-c that is recruiting with no results. For AOD-9604 no completed study reporting a human efficacy endpoint was located. For the synthetic tetrapeptide epitalon and for pinealon no completed study reporting a defined measurement time point was located. Each of those rows carries its PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov search string and its result count in the note under the table, so the absence can be rechecked rather than believed. The DSIP row is different again: a completed crossover study exists, but it reports no per-night time point.

Some rows name approved drugs. Does that make the research material a medicine?

No. Some rows do name an approval on the register: tirzepatide as MOUNJARO and ZEPBOUND, tesamorelin as EGRIFTA, bremelanotide as VYLEESI, and elamipretide as FORZINITY, whose original submission was approved 2025-09-19. Sermorelin sits differently again: GEREF is on the register with the marketing status Discontinued. Those entries describe the molecule and the finished pharmaceutical product a manufacturer registered, not the research-use-only material sold here, whose identity is evidenced by the batch certificate on its product page. The remaining rows are investigational, a cosmetic ingredient, or carry no register record at all.

Why does retatrutide appear twice in the table?

Because two different completed trials measured two different things at two different earliest points, and collapsing them would hide one. The phase 1b multiple ascending dose trial in adults with type 2 diabetes reports mean daily plasma glucose at week 12. The phase 2 randomized trial in 338 adults reports the least-squares mean percentage change in body weight at 24 weeks. Neither one is the other read differently: the endpoint, the unit, the population and the schedule all differ. Both rows carry the value in the source's own words, so the two can be compared without a derived number sitting in between them.

Where should a first-time reader start on this site?

In the order of this article. The legal ground first, then the supplier and the batch certificate, then what belongs on the bench, then storage, then reconstitution and what the vial should look like, then the question of what a study has actually measured and when. The three pages most people need immediately afterwards are the peptide storage guide, the reconstitution calculator article with its tool, and the CoA page carrying every published batch. Choosing a compound comes last rather than first, because the goal decides the comparison page, and the comparison page decides the shortlist.

Before Your First Research Peptide: What to Check, What to Prepare, and When a Measured Effect Could Even Show

No article here is a beginner guide: as of 2026-09-04 the title, description, slug and every H2 of all 214 English articles carry none of the usual beginner wording, and the closest page is our accessories overview. This one sequences them, turns "what should I take" into a map of comparison pages by research goal, and adds the earliest time point at which a completed human study measured anything, per compound.

TL;DR: the checks in order, and what the literature can date

Check first: the legal ground, then the supplier and the batch certificate: vetting, forgeries, report fields, laboratory check.
Prepare: diluent, syringes and swabs, a storage place.
What arrives: a freeze-dried vial under a colored flip-off cap; no dedicated cap FAQ exists here (2026-09-04), two H2 cover it.
Earliest measured effect: minutes for the melanocortins and GH-axis secretagogues, day 3 and day 5 for thymosin alpha-1 and elamipretide, week 12 to week 26 for the incretins and amylin; eight compounds carry a dated absence statement instead (2026-09-04).
Where the threads stumble: 59 posts, 10 subreddits, 2025-08-19 to 2026-08-29: choice, certificates, needles, reconstitution math, storage, legality, timelines, cost. Self reports, not evidence.

Research use only

Everything sold here is laboratory research material, not medicine, and not for administration to a person or animal. Identity is evidenced by the batch certificate on each product page, not by us being a pharmacy. No dose, no frequency, no protocol, no tolerability or efficacy claim, no pick for anyone.

Accessoriesaccessories

Bacteriostatic water and research supplies

Bacteriostatic Wateraccessories

USP-grade sterile water with 0.9% benzyl alcohol (near-neutral, pH 6.2 to 6.4) - the standard solvent for reconstituting lyophilized peptides. Essential accessory for any peptide research. Each vial is sealed and ready to use.

Alcohol Prep Pads 30 x 65 mmaccessories

Sterile, individually sealed alcohol pads with 70% isopropyl. 30 x 65 mm folded surface for vial-top, hard-surface, and skin disinfection in research workflows.

Metabolic Researchmetabolic

GIP/GLP-1/Glucagon agonists and metabolic pathways

Healing & Regenerationregeneration

Tissue repair, wound healing, and recovery peptides

What first-timers say they wish they had known

Our Reddit demand corpus is a demand signal, never evidence: 59 posts across 10 subreddits, 2025-08-19 to 2026-08-29, in the posters' own wording. It shows that these questions get asked, not how often.

Choice paralysis: "Spent weeks researching peptides and I still have no idea where to start" (2026-07-20). Sources: "How do you evaluate a source?" (2025-08-19), "Is there a way to be sure the CoA’s aren’t faked?" (2026-01-15). The bench: "I am so confused on reconstitutions" (2025-11-07). Storage: "Peptides at room temperature." (2026-08-05). Legality: "Legality of peptides" (2026-01-23). Timeline: "Who actually didn’t feel it for weeks and then it hit you?" (2026-07-01). Needles: "Going to pin myself for the first time tonight - is it natural to be a scared?" (2025-12-06).

Every one is a self report: nobody quoted has an independent assay of their vial.

Step 0: from "what should I take" to a research goal

This page picks nothing. It turns the question into a research goal for the comparison article that sets the options side by side; one filter sits above every goal, the table further down.

Weight and metabolic

Retatrutide vs cagrilintide vs AOD-9604

Retatrutidemetabolic

First-ever triple-action weight management peptide targeting three receptors at once: GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon. Shown exceptional results in Phase 2 trials - up to 24% weight reduction. The most advanced metabolic peptide available.

Healing and regeneration

Single peptide or the blend

BPC-157regeneration

Gastric pentadecapeptide (15 amino acids) known for exceptional tissue repair properties. Promotes wound healing, angiogenesis, and cytoprotection across tendons, muscles, gut, and nerves. Over 30 years of preclinical research.

Growth-hormone axis

Sermorelin vs CJC-1295 vs ipamorelin

Sermorelingrowth

GHRH(1-29) analog for physiological growth hormone stimulation research

Skin

Cosmetic skin peptides

GHK-Culongevity

Naturally occurring copper tripeptide complex for skin regeneration and anti-aging research. Stimulates collagen synthesis, accelerates wound healing, and modulates 4000+ genes. Plasma levels decline with age, making it a key target in longevity research.

Cognition

Semax and selank

Semaxcognitive

Brain-boosting nootropic peptide derived from ACTH. Increases BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), enhances focus, memory, and mental clarity. Widely used in Russian clinical practice for cognitive enhancement.

Longevity

The longevity guide

Epitalonlongevity

Tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) that activates telomerase, the enzyme responsible for maintaining telomere length. One of the most studied peptides in longevity research, developed by Prof. Khavinson at the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation.

Sexual function

PT-141 trial evidence

PT-141growth

Cyclic heptapeptide (bremelanotide) that acts as a melanocortin receptor agonist at MC3R and MC4R in the central nervous system. The active metabolite of Melanotan-II, studied for sexual-function endpoints via a central rather than vascular pathway.

Step 1: check the legal ground

What research-use-only does and does not mean in EU law: our country guide, and for one unapproved compound the approval-status article. The binding version is research use only, opening with "1. Scope and Definition" plus a buyer attestation. Closed destinations are on shipping: Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Iceland against the WADA Prohibited List, plus the Canary Islands, Ceuta, Melilla and Turkey.

Step 2: check the supplier and the certificate

Judge the vendor before the vial

How to vet a supplier: "Red Flags: Signs of a Low-Quality Vendor".

Assume a certificate can be forged

How to spot a fake peptide CoA, and how to actually verify one.

Read the fields, not the headline number

How to read a CoA: "The five questions worth asking of any certificate".

Verify the report at the laboratory

Verify a Janoshik CoA: "Verify in one click" on the laboratory's own server.

Find the batch that is in the box

Every published batch certificate with its verify link: our CoA page.

Step 3: what to have on the bench

The minimum kit: accessories overview, "What You Actually Need"; the fuller list, peptide injection supplies. The diluent has its own comparison, bacteriostatic vs acetic acid vs sterile water, the benzyl alcohol and pH background, bacteriostatic water.

Acetic Acid Wateraccessories

Dilute 0.6% acetic-acid diluent at around pH 3.8, for reconstituting research peptides that stay cloudy in plain bacteriostatic water, such as IGF-1 LR3 and Cagrilintide. Two-step protocol. Each vial is sealed and ready to use.

Graduated Measuring Syringe 1 mL 31G x 6 mmaccessories

Sterile 1 mL graduated laboratory syringe with a 31G x 6 mm fine tip. Individually wrapped, latex-free, pyrogen-free, PVC-free, with a high-contrast 0.01 mL black scale for precise liquid measuring and transfer.

Step 4: storage, before and after

The parcel on arrival is "Receiving Shipments" in the storage guide, which also covers light and oxidation sensitivity. A vial that arrived warm or froze: research accessories.

Step 5: reconstitution and the vial itself

The arithmetic, the syringe units and the cap: reconstitution calculator article, H2 "Your first vial: what arrives and what the cap does". Two peptides in one draw: mixing two peptides in one syringe. Cake and cap colors: what a vial should look like. Cloudiness has a decision tree in why does my peptide turn cloudy. The number confused with purity: purity is not content. No parameters here.

Step 6: when a measured effect could even show

One row per compound: the human study that measured earliest, its time point, endpoint, unit and value in the source's own words, plus the regulatory position. Where none was located, the row says so, dated.

Compound	Study	Earliest measured time point	Endpoint and unit	Value at that time point (verbatim)	Status
Retatrutide	PMID 36354040, phase 1b, placebo controlled, n=72, type 2 diabetes	Week 12	Mean daily plasma glucose, mmol/L	"At week 12, placebo-adjusted mean daily plasma glucose significantly decreased from baseline at the three highest dose LY3437943 groups (least-squares mean difference -2·8 mmol/L ... for 3 mg"	Investigational (no Drugs@FDA record, 2026-09-04); Lilly funded
Retatrutide (2nd study)	PMID 37366315, phase 2 randomized, n=338	24 weeks	Body weight change, %	"The least-squares mean percentage change in body weight at 24 weeks in the retatrutide groups was -7.2% in the 1-mg group, ... and -17.5% in the 12-mg group, as compared with -1.6% in the placebo group."	Investigational; Lilly funded
Tirzepatide	PMID 32519795, phase 1, four week multiple dose	After a single dose	Gastric emptying, acetaminophen absorption	"In participants with and without T2DM, once-weekly tirzepatide (≥5 and ≥4.5 mg, respectively) delayed GE after a single dose."	Approved: Drugs@FDA NDA215866 MOUNJARO, NDA217806 ZEPBOUND, Prescription
Cagrilintide	PMID 34798060, phase 2 dose finding, n=706 cagrilintide, 99 liraglutide, 101 placebo	Week 26	Bodyweight change, % and kg	"mean percentage weight reductions from baseline were greater with all doses of cagrilintide (0·3-4·5 mg, 6·0%-10·8% [6·4-11·5 kg]) versus placebo (3·0% [3·3 kg]"	Investigational (no Drugs@FDA record, 2026-09-04); Novo Nordisk funded
Tesamorelin	PMID 18057338, phase 3 randomized, n=412, HIV with abdominal fat accumulation	26 weeks	Visceral adipose tissue on CT, %	"The measure of visceral adipose tissue decreased by 15.2% in the tesamorelin group and increased by 5.0% in the placebo group"	Approved: Drugs@FDA BLA022505 EGRIFTA, Prescription
Sermorelin (GHRH 1-29)	PMID 2143200, controlled, n=5 sermorelin, n=5 saline, pregnant women at term	Mean 20 min after injection (15 to 25 min)	Maternal serum hGH	"GRF-(1-29)-NH2 elicited a consistent but small rise in maternal hGH serum concentrations (P = 0.08)"	Drugs@FDA lists GEREF (NDA019863, NDA020443), marketing status "Discontinued"
CJC-1295	PMID 16352683, two randomized double blind ascending dose trials, 28 and 49 days, healthy subjects aged 21 to 61	After a single injection	Plasma GH and IGF-I, fold change	"there were dose-dependent increases in mean plasma GH concentrations by 2- to 10-fold ... and in mean plasma IGF-I concentrations by 1.5- to 3-fold for 9-11 d"	Investigational, no Drugs@FDA record; DAC form, no human trial of the no DAC form located (2026-09-04)
Ipamorelin	PMID 10496658, dose escalation PK/PD, 8 healthy male subjects per dose level	Peak at 0.67 hours	Growth hormone concentration, matrix not named; the one stated unit is a rate, "a maximal GH production rate of 694 mIU/L/h"	"a single episode of GH release with a peak at 0.67 hours and an exponential decline ..."	Investigational, no Drugs@FDA record
PT-141 (bremelanotide)	PMID 14963471, double blind placebo controlled, healthy males and Viagra responsive ED patients, intranasal	Approximately 30 min	RigiScan onset of first erection, min	"with the onset of the first erection occurring in approximately 30 min"	Approved: Drugs@FDA NDA210557 VYLEESI, Prescription, for HSDD
Melanotan-2	PMID 9679884, double blind placebo controlled crossover, n=10 men with psychogenic ED	Within a 6 hour RigiScan monitoring period	Tip rigidity above 80 percent, minutes	"Mean duration of tip rigidity greater than 80% was 38.0 minutes with Melanotan-II and 3.0 with placebo (p=0.0045)."	Investigational, no Drugs@FDA record for melanotan (2026-09-04)
SS-31 (elamipretide)	NCT02367014, phase 1/2 randomized placebo controlled, n=36, genetically confirmed mitochondrial disease	"Assessed at Baseline, Day 5 (end-of-treatment visit)"	6 minute walk distance change, meters, LS mean	"13.5" (Low Dose), "36.5" (Intermediate Dose), "64.5" (High Dose), "20.4" (Placebo)	Approved: Drugs@FDA NDA215244 FORZINITY (2025-09-19); the cited trial is an investigational phase 1/2
NAD+	PMID 31572171, 6 h intravenous infusion, "Eleven (Test n = 8, Control n = 3) male participants", saline control	2 h	Plasma NAD+ and metabolites	"Surprisingly, no change in plasma (NAD+) or metabolites ... were observed until after 2 h."	Not approved; peer reviewed pilot
LL-37	PMID 25041740, first in man randomized placebo controlled, n=34, venous leg ulcers	4 week randomized treatment phase	Mean ulcer area reduction, %	"treatment with the two lower doses markedly decreased the mean ulcer area (68% for 0.5 mg/mL and 50% for 1.6 mg/mL groups)"	Investigational; no per visit value reported
Thymosin alpha-1	PMID 23327199 (ETASS), multicenter single blind randomized, n=361, severe sepsis	Day 3	Monocyte HLA-DR change, %	"mean difference in mHLA-DR changes between the two groups was 3.9%, 95% CI 0.2 to 7.6%, P = 0.037"	No Drugs@FDA record for thymalfasin (2026-09-04); EU status not checkable (EMA 403)
Thymalin	PMID 14523363, open cohort, 266 elderly persons	The 6 to 8 year observation; agents given "for the first 2-3 years of observation"	All cause mortality, fold decrease	"decreased mortality rate during observation: 2.0-2.1-fold in the Thymalin-treated group"	No Drugs@FDA record (2026-09-04); non randomized; Russian literature
GHK-Cu	PMID 16847171, randomized, 13 completers, after CO2 laser resurfacing	12 weeks	Wrinkles and skin quality, blinded evaluation	"significant improvement in wrinkles and overall skin quality, but no differences were found between groups"	Cosmetic ingredient, not a drug; no Drugs@FDA record for a copper tripeptide product (2026-09-04)
Selank	PMID 18577961, in vivo arm, generalized anxiety disorder and neurasthenia; n and randomization not reported	14 days	Serum Th1/Th2 cytokine balance	"The changes of the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in vivo were found in the serum of patients ... who received Selank during 14 days."	No Drugs@FDA record (2026-09-04); Russian language journal
Semax	PMID 18379501, open label trial, n=27, motor neuron disease	Day 1, then day 10	ALSAQ-40 quality of life, Norris ALS, ALSFRS	"1% semax significantly improves the total estimate of life quality ... with the maximal effect on day 10."	No Drugs@FDA record (2026-09-04); Russian language journal
DSIP	PMID 3583493, double blind crossover, chronic insomniacs, four nights	None: no per night time point reported	Sleep stages, awakenings, NREM latency	"It can be concluded that sleep improvement under DSIP treatment is of little clinical significance."	No Drugs@FDA record for delta sleep-inducing peptide (2026-09-04)
BPC-157	PMID 39325560, uncontrolled pilot, n=12, interstitial cystitis	None stated	Symptom resolution, patients	"Complete resolution of symptoms after one treatment was reported in 10 of 12 patients"	As of 2026-09-04, no completed study located that measured a clinical efficacy endpoint for BPC-157 in a randomized human trial
TB-500	Closest only, full length thymosin beta-4: PMID 20536470, 73 patients, venous stasis ulcers	3 months	Complete wound healing, % of patients	"complete wound healing can be achieved within 3 months in about 25% of the patients"	As of 2026-09-04, no completed study located that administered TB-500 (thymosin beta-4 fragment 17-23) to humans
KPV	None located	None	None	None	As of 2026-09-04, no completed study located that administered the tripeptide KPV to humans
MOTS-c	NCT07505745, exogenous MOTS-c, phase 2, RECRUITING	Primary time frame 12 weeks, no results	Not reported	Not reported	As of 2026-09-04, no completed study located that administered MOTS-c to humans
IGF-1 LR3	Closest only, recombinant human IGF-I: PMID 3299085, 8 healthy volunteers versus insulin	First sample at 15 minutes	Blood glucose, mmol per liter	"The lowest blood glucose levels were reached after 30 minutes: 1.98 +/- 0.44 mmol per liter after IGF I"	As of 2026-09-04, no completed study located that administered IGF-1 LR3 to humans
AOD-9604	None located	None	None	None	As of 2026-09-04, no completed study located that reported a human efficacy endpoint for AOD-9604
Epitalon	Closest only: PMID 12195242, retinitis pigmentosa, no design, n or time points	None stated	Clinical effect, share of cases	"Epitalon therapy ... results in a positive clinical effect in 90% of the cases"	As of 2026-09-04, no completed study located that reported a defined measurement time point for the synthetic tetrapeptide epitalon (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) in humans
Pinealon	Closest only: PMID 26390612, open study, 32 people aged 41-83, no control arm	None stated	Not reported	Not reported	As of 2026-09-04, no completed study located that reported a defined measurement time point for pinealon in humans

Retatrutide

Study: PMID 36354040, phase 1b, placebo controlled, n=72, type 2 diabetes
Earliest measured time point: Week 12
Endpoint and unit: Mean daily plasma glucose, mmol/L
Value at that time point (verbatim): "At week 12, placebo-adjusted mean daily plasma glucose significantly decreased from baseline at the three highest dose LY3437943 groups (least-squares mean difference -2·8 mmol/L ... for 3 mg"
Status: Investigational (no Drugs@FDA record, 2026-09-04); Lilly funded

Retatrutide (2nd study)

Study: PMID 37366315, phase 2 randomized, n=338
Earliest measured time point: 24 weeks
Endpoint and unit: Body weight change, %
Value at that time point (verbatim): "The least-squares mean percentage change in body weight at 24 weeks in the retatrutide groups was -7.2% in the 1-mg group, ... and -17.5% in the 12-mg group, as compared with -1.6% in the placebo group."
Status: Investigational; Lilly funded

Tirzepatide

Study: PMID 32519795, phase 1, four week multiple dose
Earliest measured time point: After a single dose
Endpoint and unit: Gastric emptying, acetaminophen absorption
Value at that time point (verbatim): "In participants with and without T2DM, once-weekly tirzepatide (≥5 and ≥4.5 mg, respectively) delayed GE after a single dose."
Status: Approved: Drugs@FDA NDA215866 MOUNJARO, NDA217806 ZEPBOUND, Prescription

Cagrilintide

Study: PMID 34798060, phase 2 dose finding, n=706 cagrilintide, 99 liraglutide, 101 placebo
Earliest measured time point: Week 26
Endpoint and unit: Bodyweight change, % and kg
Value at that time point (verbatim): "mean percentage weight reductions from baseline were greater with all doses of cagrilintide (0·3-4·5 mg, 6·0%-10·8% [6·4-11·5 kg]) versus placebo (3·0% [3·3 kg]"
Status: Investigational (no Drugs@FDA record, 2026-09-04); Novo Nordisk funded

Tesamorelin

Study: PMID 18057338, phase 3 randomized, n=412, HIV with abdominal fat accumulation
Earliest measured time point: 26 weeks
Endpoint and unit: Visceral adipose tissue on CT, %
Value at that time point (verbatim): "The measure of visceral adipose tissue decreased by 15.2% in the tesamorelin group and increased by 5.0% in the placebo group"
Status: Approved: Drugs@FDA BLA022505 EGRIFTA, Prescription

Sermorelin (GHRH 1-29)

Study: PMID 2143200, controlled, n=5 sermorelin, n=5 saline, pregnant women at term
Earliest measured time point: Mean 20 min after injection (15 to 25 min)
Endpoint and unit: Maternal serum hGH
Value at that time point (verbatim): "GRF-(1-29)-NH2 elicited a consistent but small rise in maternal hGH serum concentrations (P = 0.08)"
Status: Drugs@FDA lists GEREF (NDA019863, NDA020443), marketing status "Discontinued"

CJC-1295

Study: PMID 16352683, two randomized double blind ascending dose trials, 28 and 49 days, healthy subjects aged 21 to 61
Earliest measured time point: After a single injection
Endpoint and unit: Plasma GH and IGF-I, fold change
Value at that time point (verbatim): "there were dose-dependent increases in mean plasma GH concentrations by 2- to 10-fold ... and in mean plasma IGF-I concentrations by 1.5- to 3-fold for 9-11 d"
Status: Investigational, no Drugs@FDA record; DAC form, no human trial of the no DAC form located (2026-09-04)

Ipamorelin

Study: PMID 10496658, dose escalation PK/PD, 8 healthy male subjects per dose level
Earliest measured time point: Peak at 0.67 hours
Endpoint and unit: Growth hormone concentration, matrix not named; the one stated unit is a rate, "a maximal GH production rate of 694 mIU/L/h"
Value at that time point (verbatim): "a single episode of GH release with a peak at 0.67 hours and an exponential decline ..."
Status: Investigational, no Drugs@FDA record

PT-141 (bremelanotide)

Study: PMID 14963471, double blind placebo controlled, healthy males and Viagra responsive ED patients, intranasal
Earliest measured time point: Approximately 30 min
Endpoint and unit: RigiScan onset of first erection, min
Value at that time point (verbatim): "with the onset of the first erection occurring in approximately 30 min"
Status: Approved: Drugs@FDA NDA210557 VYLEESI, Prescription, for HSDD

Melanotan-2

Study: PMID 9679884, double blind placebo controlled crossover, n=10 men with psychogenic ED
Earliest measured time point: Within a 6 hour RigiScan monitoring period
Endpoint and unit: Tip rigidity above 80 percent, minutes
Value at that time point (verbatim): "Mean duration of tip rigidity greater than 80% was 38.0 minutes with Melanotan-II and 3.0 with placebo (p=0.0045)."
Status: Investigational, no Drugs@FDA record for melanotan (2026-09-04)

SS-31 (elamipretide)

Study: NCT02367014, phase 1/2 randomized placebo controlled, n=36, genetically confirmed mitochondrial disease
Earliest measured time point: "Assessed at Baseline, Day 5 (end-of-treatment visit)"
Endpoint and unit: 6 minute walk distance change, meters, LS mean
Value at that time point (verbatim): "13.5" (Low Dose), "36.5" (Intermediate Dose), "64.5" (High Dose), "20.4" (Placebo)
Status: Approved: Drugs@FDA NDA215244 FORZINITY (2025-09-19); the cited trial is an investigational phase 1/2

NAD+

Study: PMID 31572171, 6 h intravenous infusion, "Eleven (Test n = 8, Control n = 3) male participants", saline control
Earliest measured time point: 2 h
Endpoint and unit: Plasma NAD+ and metabolites
Value at that time point (verbatim): "Surprisingly, no change in plasma (NAD+) or metabolites ... were observed until after 2 h."
Status: Not approved; peer reviewed pilot

LL-37

Study: PMID 25041740, first in man randomized placebo controlled, n=34, venous leg ulcers
Earliest measured time point: 4 week randomized treatment phase
Endpoint and unit: Mean ulcer area reduction, %
Value at that time point (verbatim): "treatment with the two lower doses markedly decreased the mean ulcer area (68% for 0.5 mg/mL and 50% for 1.6 mg/mL groups)"
Status: Investigational; no per visit value reported

Thymosin alpha-1

Study: PMID 23327199 (ETASS), multicenter single blind randomized, n=361, severe sepsis
Earliest measured time point: Day 3
Endpoint and unit: Monocyte HLA-DR change, %
Value at that time point (verbatim): "mean difference in mHLA-DR changes between the two groups was 3.9%, 95% CI 0.2 to 7.6%, P = 0.037"
Status: No Drugs@FDA record for thymalfasin (2026-09-04); EU status not checkable (EMA 403)

Thymalin

Study: PMID 14523363, open cohort, 266 elderly persons
Earliest measured time point: The 6 to 8 year observation; agents given "for the first 2-3 years of observation"
Endpoint and unit: All cause mortality, fold decrease
Value at that time point (verbatim): "decreased mortality rate during observation: 2.0-2.1-fold in the Thymalin-treated group"
Status: No Drugs@FDA record (2026-09-04); non randomized; Russian literature

GHK-Cu

Study: PMID 16847171, randomized, 13 completers, after CO2 laser resurfacing
Earliest measured time point: 12 weeks
Endpoint and unit: Wrinkles and skin quality, blinded evaluation
Value at that time point (verbatim): "significant improvement in wrinkles and overall skin quality, but no differences were found between groups"
Status: Cosmetic ingredient, not a drug; no Drugs@FDA record for a copper tripeptide product (2026-09-04)

Selank

Study: PMID 18577961, in vivo arm, generalized anxiety disorder and neurasthenia; n and randomization not reported
Earliest measured time point: 14 days
Endpoint and unit: Serum Th1/Th2 cytokine balance
Value at that time point (verbatim): "The changes of the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in vivo were found in the serum of patients ... who received Selank during 14 days."
Status: No Drugs@FDA record (2026-09-04); Russian language journal

Semax

Study: PMID 18379501, open label trial, n=27, motor neuron disease
Earliest measured time point: Day 1, then day 10
Endpoint and unit: ALSAQ-40 quality of life, Norris ALS, ALSFRS
Value at that time point (verbatim): "1% semax significantly improves the total estimate of life quality ... with the maximal effect on day 10."
Status: No Drugs@FDA record (2026-09-04); Russian language journal

DSIP

Study: PMID 3583493, double blind crossover, chronic insomniacs, four nights
Earliest measured time point: None: no per night time point reported
Endpoint and unit: Sleep stages, awakenings, NREM latency
Value at that time point (verbatim): "It can be concluded that sleep improvement under DSIP treatment is of little clinical significance."
Status: No Drugs@FDA record for delta sleep-inducing peptide (2026-09-04)

BPC-157

Study: PMID 39325560, uncontrolled pilot, n=12, interstitial cystitis
Earliest measured time point: None stated
Endpoint and unit: Symptom resolution, patients
Value at that time point (verbatim): "Complete resolution of symptoms after one treatment was reported in 10 of 12 patients"
Status: As of 2026-09-04, no completed study located that measured a clinical efficacy endpoint for BPC-157 in a randomized human trial

TB-500

Study: Closest only, full length thymosin beta-4: PMID 20536470, 73 patients, venous stasis ulcers
Earliest measured time point: 3 months
Endpoint and unit: Complete wound healing, % of patients
Value at that time point (verbatim): "complete wound healing can be achieved within 3 months in about 25% of the patients"
Status: As of 2026-09-04, no completed study located that administered TB-500 (thymosin beta-4 fragment 17-23) to humans

KPV

Study: None located
Earliest measured time point: None
Endpoint and unit: None
Value at that time point (verbatim): None
Status: As of 2026-09-04, no completed study located that administered the tripeptide KPV to humans

MOTS-c

Study: NCT07505745, exogenous MOTS-c, phase 2, RECRUITING
Earliest measured time point: Primary time frame 12 weeks, no results
Endpoint and unit: Not reported
Value at that time point (verbatim): Not reported
Status: As of 2026-09-04, no completed study located that administered MOTS-c to humans

IGF-1 LR3

Study: Closest only, recombinant human IGF-I: PMID 3299085, 8 healthy volunteers versus insulin
Earliest measured time point: First sample at 15 minutes
Endpoint and unit: Blood glucose, mmol per liter
Value at that time point (verbatim): "The lowest blood glucose levels were reached after 30 minutes: 1.98 +/- 0.44 mmol per liter after IGF I"
Status: As of 2026-09-04, no completed study located that administered IGF-1 LR3 to humans

AOD-9604

Study: None located
Earliest measured time point: None
Endpoint and unit: None
Value at that time point (verbatim): None
Status: As of 2026-09-04, no completed study located that reported a human efficacy endpoint for AOD-9604

Epitalon

Study: Closest only: PMID 12195242, retinitis pigmentosa, no design, n or time points
Earliest measured time point: None stated
Endpoint and unit: Clinical effect, share of cases
Value at that time point (verbatim): "Epitalon therapy ... results in a positive clinical effect in 90% of the cases"
Status: As of 2026-09-04, no completed study located that reported a defined measurement time point for the synthetic tetrapeptide epitalon (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) in humans

Pinealon

Study: Closest only: PMID 26390612, open study, 32 people aged 41-83, no control arm
Earliest measured time point: None stated
Endpoint and unit: Not reported
Value at that time point (verbatim): Not reported
Status: As of 2026-09-04, no completed study located that reported a defined measurement time point for pinealon in humans

Absence-row searches, all rerun 2026-09-04: the PubMed string first, then the interventional ClinicalTrials.gov search.

BPC-157: "BPC 157"[tiab] AND humans[mh], 49; BPC-157, 4 records, none completed with posted results.
TB-500: "TB-500"[tiab] OR "TB4 fragment"[tiab], 26; TB-500, 1 record (NCT07487363, recruiting).
KPV: (KPV[tiab] AND (peptide[tiab] OR tripeptide[tiab])) AND humans[mh], 23; KPV, 0 records.
MOTS-c: "MOTS-c"[tiab] AND (randomized controlled trial[pt] OR clinical trial[pt]), 5, all endogenous; MOTS-c, 5 records (only NCT07505745 exogenous).
IGF-1 LR3: "IGF-1 LR3"[tiab] OR "IGF-I LR3"[tiab] OR "long R3 IGF-1"[tiab], 16; IGF-1 LR3, 0 records.
AOD-9604: AOD9604 AND humans[mh], 19; AOD9604, 0 records.
Epitalon: (epitalon[tiab] OR epithalon[tiab] OR "AEDG peptide"[tiab]) AND humans[mh], 37; epitalon, 0 records.
Pinealon: pinealon[tiab], 15; pinealon, 0 records.
CJC-1295 in the no DAC form: ("CJC-1295"[tiab] AND ("no DAC"[tiab] OR "without DAC"[tiab])) OR "modified GRF 1-29"[tiab], 1 result, a forensic analysis of seized doping material, not a trial.

A first measured time point is not an onset

Every time point above says when someone scheduled a measurement, not when a molecule starts acting: elamipretide's six-minute walk distance was seen at day 5 because that visit existed.

Incretin and amylin compounds. Week-level by construction: the registered endpoints are week 26 for cagrilintide and 24 weeks for retatrutide, tirzepatide's phase 2 record NCT03131687 reads "Baseline, Week 26" and the nearest twelve-week record NCT03311724 "Baseline, 3 Months". The only sub-week measurement is mechanistic, tirzepatide "delayed GE after a single dose": nobody weighed anyone on day 3. The curve is in our retatrutide time course, a suspected underdosed vial in underdosed or non-responder.

Growth-hormone axis. Minutes, then months, nothing between: GH and glucose responses inside the hour, then 26 weeks for tesamorelin's visceral fat. A review adds "Significant increases in height velocity were sustained during 12 months' treatment with sermorelin" (PMID 18031173): a growth endpoint, in a review, not a named trial.

Melanocortins. The one class with fast human endpoints: onset in minutes, rigidity across a six-hour RigiScan window. The indication registered as VYLEESI is still measured over 24 weeks (RECONNECT, "1:1 to 24 weeks of treatment", PMID 31599840). Fast in one endpoint does not transfer to another.

Repair, healing and skin. No day-level effect: the earliest points are four weeks (LL-37), 12 weeks (GHK-Cu) and three months (full length thymosin beta-4). BPC-157 has no randomized human efficacy measurement and its one efficacy report carries no time point; for TB-500 and the tripeptide KPV no completed human administration study was located (2026-09-04).

Neuro peptides and Russian bioregulators. The grid is coarse or absent: semax alone has a schedule, "on days 1, 10, 24, 34 and 48", maximal effect on day 10; selank one fourteen-day cytokine measurement; DSIP four nights; thymalin and Epithalamin only after six to eight years.

Mitochondrial and immune peptides. The catalog's two earliest solid endpoints, day 5 for elamipretide and day 3 for thymosin alpha-1, exist because someone scheduled those visits. The NAD+ pilot shows the reverse: nothing moved in plasma "until after 2 h", a fact about the schedule.

Day- or week-level absence is not a negative result

For most rows nothing was measured in the first days or weeks: nothing seen then contradicts the literature, and nothing confirms it. A row with no completed study cannot be checked at all.

Step 7: side effects and the record

Side-effect profiles sit with the compounds. Incretins: the H3 "When Do the Side Effects Subside?" in retatrutide side effects. GH axis: GH peptide side effects by depth of evidence. Melanotan-2: case reports and the regulatory warning in melanotan-2 safety.

Step 8: shipping and the first parcel

Zones, rates, transit and carrier are on shipping. Why an intra-EU parcel never meets a border, unlike parcels from the US or China, is in customs seizures vs intra-EU shipping. Cold chain is on our FAQ page. One FAQ in the injection-supplies article names the whole sequence: "What does correct handling of a research peptide involve from delivery onward: storage, reconstitution, CoA verification and legal status?"

Where to go next

The pages most first-time readers need next

The parcel: peptide storage guide. The arithmetic and the cap: reconstitution calculator plus its tool. The batch behind the vial: our CoA page.

Frequently asked questions

Sources

Internal analysis of a public Reddit archive, re-fetched live from the Arctic Shift archive API and cross-checked against our own store, 2026-09-04: 59 quoted posts across 10 subreddits, dated 2025-08-19 to 2026-08-29. https://arctic-shift.photon-reddit.com
PMID 36354040. Phase 1b multiple ascending dose, double blind, placebo controlled, n=72, adults with type 2 diabetes. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36354040/
openFDA Drugs@FDA. Per-molecule marketing-status and approval records, checked 2026-09-04. https://open.fda.gov/apis/drug/drugsfda/
PMID 37366315. Phase 2 double blind randomized trial, n=338, adults with BMI 30+ or 27 to under 30 plus a weight related condition. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37366315/
PMID 32519795. Phase 1 four week multiple dose study, participants with and without type 2 diabetes. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32519795/
PMID 34798060. Phase 2 dose finding, double blind, placebo and active controlled, n=706 cagrilintide, 99 liraglutide, 101 placebo, adults without diabetes. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34798060/
PMID 18057338. Phase 3 randomized trial, n=412 patients with HIV and abdominal fat accumulation. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18057338/
PMID 2143200. Controlled study, n=5 sermorelin, n=5 saline, pregnant women at term. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2143200/
PMID 16352683. Two randomized, placebo controlled, double blind ascending dose trials of 28 and 49 days, healthy subjects aged 21 to 61. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16352683/
PMID 10496658. Dose escalation PK/PD trial, 8 healthy male subjects per dose level. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10496658/
PMID 14963471. Double blind, placebo controlled, healthy males and Viagra responsive ED patients, intranasal PT-141. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14963471/
PMID 9679884. Double blind, placebo controlled crossover, n=10 men with psychogenic erectile dysfunction. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9679884/
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02367014. Phase 1/2 randomized, double blind, placebo controlled multiple ascending dose, n=36, genetically confirmed mitochondrial disease, posted results. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02367014
PMID 31572171, full text PMC6751327. Six hour intravenous NAD+ infusion pilot, eleven male participants, test n = 8, control n = 3 on saline. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31572171/
PMID 25041740. First in man randomized double blind placebo controlled, n=34, hard to heal venous leg ulcers. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25041740/
PMID 23327199, ETASS. Multicenter single blind randomized trial, n=361, patients with severe sepsis. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23327199/
PMID 14523363. Open cohort, 266 elderly and older persons, Thymalin and Epithalamin arms plus control. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14523363/
PMID 16847171. Randomized trial, 13 completers, after CO2 laser skin resurfacing. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16847171/
PMID 18577961. In vivo arm in patients with generalized anxiety disorder and neurasthenia, Russian language journal. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18577961/
PMID 18379501. Open label trial, n=27, motor neuron disease, Russian language journal. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18379501/
PMID 3583493. Double blind crossover in chronic insomniacs, four nights. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3583493/
PMID 39325560. Uncontrolled pilot, n=12, interstitial cystitis, one procedure. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39325560/
PMID 20536470. Phase 2 dose escalation, 73 patients with venous stasis ulcers, full length thymosin beta-4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20536470/
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT07505745. Phase 2, exogenous MOTS-c, RECRUITING, no results posted, checked 2026-09-04. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07505745
PMID 3299085. Eight healthy volunteers, recombinant human IGF-I intravenously versus insulin. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3299085/
PMID 12195242. Epitalon in degenerative retinal lesions, no design, n, arms or time points reported. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12195242/
PMID 26390612. Open study of pinealon and vesugen, 32 people aged 41-83 years, no randomization, no control arm. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26390612/
PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov absence searches for BPC-157, TB-500, KPV, MOTS-c, IGF-1 LR3, AOD-9604, epitalon, pinealon and the no DAC form of CJC-1295, with the exact search strings and result counts given in the note under the table, all rerun 2026-09-04. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov and https://clinicaltrials.gov
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT07487363. The only interventional TB-500 record located, RECRUITING, no results, checked 2026-09-04. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07487363
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03131687 and NCT03311724. Tirzepatide phase 2 dose finding trial, primary outcome time frame "Baseline, Week 26"; the nearest twelve-week record, "Baseline, 3 Months". https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03131687
PMID 18031173. BioDrugs review of sermorelin in children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18031173/
PMID 31599840, RECONNECT. Patients randomized "1:1 to 24 weeks of treatment". https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31599840/

Research use only. The compounds named here are referenced for their published research record. Products sold on this site are supplied for laboratory research, not for human or animal administration, and not as medicines. Nothing in this article is dosing, handling or safety guidance, and it makes no tolerability or efficacy claims about any compound.